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Nursing and nursing theoretical models 2
Module General sociology

Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: Roberto VIGNERA

Expected Learning Outcomes

The educational objectives are outlined as the realization of a learning plan designed to present some Sociology of Health and Illness issues as specifically configured on the peculiarities of the training process offered to students of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Particular attention will be paid in emphasizing those tools of theoretical and empirical orientation through which develop the analytical sensitivity necessary to identify problems that characterize the delicate relationship between the demand and supply of health resources in contemporary societies.

Course Structure

The teaching will be carried out through lectures, during which the topics present in the program will be presented and deepened. To cope with documented, extraordinary, epidemiological needs, as well as the impossibility of welcoming all booked students, the transmission of the lesson through the TEAMS platform will be guaranteed.

Required Prerequisites

Specific prerequisites are not required, except those normally associated with the possession of a good preparation in scientific and literary subjects present in the secondary schools education programs.

Attendance of Lessons

Class attendance is compulsory, according to what is foreseen by the didactic regulation.

Detailed Course Content

The culturalization of the illness and the therapeutic process. Organized groups, health facilities and use of therapeutic resources. The health-illness dichotomy at the heart of the social system. Sociological analysis projected on the Health-Illness Related Behavior. The stages of the professionalization of medical practice.

Textbook Information

Text 1: Vignera R., Protagonisti e interpreti della sociologia sanitaria, FrancoAngeli, Milano, 2005.

Text 2: Giarelli G. Venneri E., Sociologia della salute e della medicina - Manuale per le professioni mediche, sanitarie e sociali, FrancoAngeli, Milano, 2014.

Text 3: Lecture notes by the teacher.

Course Planning

 SubjectsText References
1If we could see inside others hearts life. The fundamental concepts of sociological analysis. Social action, relationship, interaction. Status and roles. Rules and models of behavior.Text 3
2The fundamental concepts of sociological analysis. The institutions. The groups.Text 3
3Medicine and society. In the heart of the social system. The socio-cultural components of Health-Illness related behavior. HBM - HRA. The four models of helping and coping; Medical model and moral model.Text 1: Preface; first part, chap. I
4The Parsonsian theorization. Somatic disease and mental illness. Roles and tasks. The pathogenic strains between the personality system and the social system. The crisis of the motivational balance. The role of the patient and its institutionalization.Text 1: first part, chap. III
5Illness and deviance; Sickness and secondary gain. The therapeutic process as a form of resocialization in the dynamics of the doctor-patient system. The role of pattern variables. The role of pattern variables. The doctor-patient relationship for functional imperatives.Text 1: first part, chap. III
6The criticisms of the Parsonsian perspective. The topic of mental illness. Adaptation Vs Integration. Chronic degenerative disease. Psychiatry and antipsychiatry. Text 1: first part, chap. IV
7The sociology of medicine in the debate on the redefinition of welfare. The tragic choices in the health sector. The corporateization of health care and the overcoming of the pure medical model.Text 1: first part, chap. IV

Learning Assessment

Learning Assessment Procedures

The examination will consist of a written test with open questions. To answer the questions the student will have max 120 min available. That is, with N = number of questions asked, a necessary but not sufficient condition to pass the examination will be to answer N-1 questions. Naturally, the maximum score of the evaluation (30/30) will be acquired only respecting the necessary, but not sufficient, requirement to answer to the totality of the questions. The results of the test (taking into account that it is an integrated course) will be entered into the Studium platform as soon as possible, and in any case guaranteeing the adequate time margin for the eventual reservation at the following session.

Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises

Several examples of socio-cultural modeling of therapeutic choices; 

Epidemiology and health sociology: the distinctive features;

Religious ethics and health-illness related behavior;

Ethnic groups and health-illness related behavior;

Social stratification and health-illness related behavior;

Technical culture, profane culture and health-illness related behavior: Freidson's theory;

Selective processes in the culturalization of health-illness related behavior: the contribution of Irving Zola;

Models of health-illness related behavior: HBM;

The critical points of HBM and the definition of the Health Risk Appraisal;

The socio-relational components related to health-illness related behavior and their relevance in formal and informal treatment contexts;

The four models of Helping and Coping;

The complex adaptation of objective and subjective criteria to define health behavior;

Social problems and health-illness related behavior: The precedents in US practical sociology;

Parsons: health-illness related behavior within the general system of action and at the heart of the social system;

Personality, organism and social system: the fundamental coordinates for the analysis of health-illness related behavior;

Role and task: the fundamental coordinates for the definition of mental illness and somatic illness;

The critical integration of the motivations of social actors with the regulatory cultural criteria relating to role obligations: the roots of mental illness;

The regressive, pre-adult characters of the pathological condition;

Pathology and deviance: common and differential traits;

The patient's role and his institutionalized expectations;

The role of doctor and the purposes of the therapeutic process: the abandonment of regressive addiction;

The doctor-patient social system articulated by functional imperatives;

Adaptation Vs Integration: Twaddle's Critique of Parsons;

The critical reference to chronic degenerative pathology: Mechanic's critique;

Illich: clinical and cultural iatrogenesis;

The deinstitutionalization of deviance and mental illness: Thomas Szasz's proposal;

The redefinition of welfare policies and their impact on medical and health issues: the tragic choices;

The reconfiguration of the Helping and Coping models: towards the overcoming of the pure medical model;

Predictive medicine and its dilemmas;

The professionalization of medical practice: the distinctive features and its temporal coordinates;

The process of rationalization of medical practice and its margins of discrepancy;

The eternal fascination of the medicine of particularistic transactions, of privileges and exceptions;

The medicine of modernity and medical dominance;

The redefinition of the theoretical and operational canons of medical practice: evidence-based medicine; The search for new forms of exchange between doctors and patients.

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