Internal medicine, Pharmacology and geriatric nursing 2

Module internal medicine

Provide the theoretical and practical tools to recognize the main pathologies typical of Internal Medicine. Of each will be discussed pathophysiology, symptoms and the diagnostic and decision processes of their figure of majoring in Nursing.  The most common therapeutic protocols, both to deal with and manage autonomously will be presented and discussed, and those to be made on the recommendation / prescription and alongside with medical doctor

The lectures will be held in frontal mode with the help of slides in power-point format, illustration and commentary on the images of instrumental investigations, report on clinical cases.

If the teaching is given in a mixed or remote mode, the necessary changes may be introduced with respect to what was previously stated, in order to respect the program envisaged and reported in the syllabus.

• Gastrointestinal diagnostic imaging
• Gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia
• Esophagitis gastroesophageal reflux
• Prevention and non-pharmacological therapy of gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis
• Acute and chronic gastritis
• Gastric and duodenal ulcers
• Causes of malabsorption: the Celiac Disease in adults
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding
• Hematemesis, melena, rectal bleeding, hematochezia

• Physiology of liver function
• Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids
• Liver and carbohydrate, lipid, protein
• Liver and coagulation factors
• Blood chemistry indices of liver function
• Cytolysis
• Cholestasis
• Total and fractionated bilirubin (direct, indirect)
• Jaundice
• Acute hepatitis: etiology, prevention, clinic, evolution
• Chronic hepatitis: etiology, clinical, evolution
• Fatty liver
• Liver cirrhosis: etiology, clinical, complications: portal hypertension, ascites, encephalopathy
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Role of insulin in glucose metabolism, lipid, protein
• The beta-islet cells and insulin secretion
• Insulin and its biological effect: the receptor and post-receptor events
• Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: blood glucose, oral glucose load curve, curve oral glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, microalbuminuria
• Classification of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes, type 2, gestational, being endocrinopathies
• Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus
• Vascular complications (micro- and macro-angiopathy) diabetes mellitus
• Dietary therapy, physical activity and diabetes
• Elements of pharmacological treatment of diabetes (insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents)
• Diabetic comas: pathophysiology, clinical, treatment elements
• Gout: pathophysiology and clinical
• Obesity
• Polymetabolic Syndrome: pathophysiology, prevention, clinical dyslipidemia

• Hyperthyroidism: pathophysiology, clinical
• Hypothyroidism: pathophysiology, clinical
• Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid cancer
• Cushing's syndrome
• Conn's disease
• Secondary aldosteronism
• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• Pheochromocytoma

• High blood pressure: blood pressure measurement mode hypertension: classification, etiology, prevention, clinical, complications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment elements
• Heart failure: classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical
• Atherosclerosis: pathogenesis, prevention, clinical
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): etiology, symptoms, complications, non-pharmacological therapy and drug therapy nods

• Chest pain: flowcharts
• Dyspnea: flowcharts
• Bronchial asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax

• Diagnostic Blood chemistry and instrumental in kidney disease
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Chronic renal failure

• The blood count
• Anemia classification’s
• Signs and Symptoms of anemias
• Leukemia and Lymphoma: Signs and Symptoms

- Internal Medicine

Autor: Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele, Editore: PICCIN EDITOR.

- Internal Medicine 

Autors: Massini Renato; Izzi Donatello; Marchetti Patrizia; Passeretti Francesca; Recine Umberto, Editor: McGraw-Hill Italia

Oral exam with the Integrated Course Commission.

Verification of learning can also be carried out electronically, should the conditions require it.