Anatomy and human histology 2

Module Human histology

The purpose of teaching Histology is to provide the student with the basic knowledge of Cytology and Histology for understanding the general organization of cells, their specializations and mutual interactions to perform the specific functions of different types of tissues. This basic knowledge is also essential for recognizing the morphological characteristics of the normal cells and tissues of the human body.

Frontal lessons.

If the teaching is given in a mixed or remote mode, the necessary changes may be introduced with respect to what was previously stated, in order to comply with the program envisaged and reported in the syllabus.

EPITHELIAL TISSUES:

Surfacing epithelium: Generalities - Classification - Description of the different types of epithelium: simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium - Lateral surface specializations – Basal surface specializations – Apical surface specializations.

Glandular epithelium: Generalities - Exocrine glands: classification, structure and function - Endocrine glands: Hormones - Target cell - Hormone-receptor link - Classification - Structure and function of some endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, epiphysis, adrenal gland.

CONNECTIVE TISSUES AND SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUES:

Connective tissue: Generalities and functions, cells, extracellular matrix, amorphous matrix, fibers - Structural and functional characteristics of the different types of connective tissue: Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue, Adipose tissue.

Cartilage: Structural and functional characteristics, extracellular matrix, types of cartilage, histogenesis of cartilage, perichondrium.

Bone tissue: Cells and extracellular matrix, bone lamellae and lamellar systems; compact and trabecular bone, periosteum and endosteum, ossification, metabolic functions of bone tissue.

Blood: Generalities and functions - Plasma - Erythrocytes - Leukocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes - Platelets.

MUSCLE TISSUES:

Skeletal muscle: Structural and ultrastructural organization of muscle fibers; Structural organization of myofibrils; Molecular organization of myofibrils; Neuro-muscular junction, Mechanism of muscle contraction.

Cardiac muscle: Structure of myocardiocytes; Structural organization of the cardiac muscle; Intercalated disks, conducting system of the heart.

Smooth muscle: Structure of myocytes; Structural organization of smooth muscle; Smooth muscle contraction.

NERVOUS TISSUE:

HUMAN HISTOLOGY:

ELEMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA E CENNI DI EMBRIOLOGIA di S. Adamo, N. Bernerdini, C.Boitani, L. Bonsi, ……..… E. Ziparo - Piccin

Other teaching material: pdf documents uploaded on the STUDIUM digital platform, relating to the topics presented during the lectures.

Oral examination

The oral examination consists of an interview in which questions will be asked that will focus on the different topics of the study program.

Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.

The test allows to verify:

i) the level of knowledge of human histology in physiological conditions of the organism.

ii) clarity of presentation.

iii) the property of medical-scientific language.

For the attribution of the final grade, the following parameters will be taken into account:

Grade 29-30 with honors: the student has a thorough knowledge of the topics discussed during the exam; he is able to promptly and correctly integrate and critically analyze the topics covered by the interview; he has excellent communication skills and masters medical-scientific language.

Grade 26-28: the student has a good knowledge of the topics discussed during the exam, he is able to integrate and analyze the topics covered by the interview in a critical and linear way and he presents the topics clearly using an appropriate medical-scientific language;

Grade 22-25: the student has a fair knowledge of the topics discussed during the exam, even if limited to the main topics; he manages to integrate and analyze in a critical but not always linear way the topics covered by the interview and he exposes the topics quite clearly with a discrete property of language;

Score 18-21: the student has minimal knowledge of the topics discussed during the exam, he has a modest ability to integrate and critically analyze the topics covered by the interview and he explains the topics in a sufficiently clear way although the language property is underdeveloped;

Failed exam: the student does not have the minimum required knowledge of the main teaching contents. The ability to use specific language is very little or absent and he is unable to independently apply the acquired knowledge.

1 What is the morphological organization of the heart muscle?

2 What is the classification of the exocrine glands?

3 What are the functions of leukocytes?

4 What shape do erythrocytes have and why?

5 Describe the cytological characteristics of the neuron

6 Describe the structural differences between cartilage and bone tissue

7 What is the myelin sheath?

8 What is the ultrastructural organization of the skeletal muscle fiber?