SCIENZE BIOMEDICHEModule CHIMICA ORGANICA E BIOCHIMICA
Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: MASSIMO CARUSOExpected Learning Outcomes
The course aims to provide the basic notions of Organic Chemistry, essential for understanding the structure and functions of biochemical molecules and the reactions that occur during their metabolism in the cells of living organisms, both single-cell and multicellular.
Course Structure
Frontal teaching in the classroom.
Compatibly with the availability of space, visits to the laboratory will be organized to observe basic techniques and tools.
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
Detailed Course Content
Organic chemistry
o Carbon: binding capacity, three-dimensional orientation of the molecules bound to it
o Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alkyl Halides, Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, Reactions of Hydrocarbons)
o Alcohols and Ethers (Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers)
o Aldehydes
o Ketones
o Hemiacetals and Hemichetals
o Carboxylic acids
o Amines
o Amino acids
o Amides
o Aromatic Compounds
Biochemistry
o Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides)
o Lipids (Fatty acids, Triglycerides, Soaps, Waxes, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Fatty acid derivatives, Steroids)
o Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (Constituents of nucleic acids, Polymerization and structure of nucleic acids, Metabolism of nucleic acids)
o Proteins (Aminoacids, Peptide bond, Protein structure, Protein denaturation, Hemoglobin and myoglobin, Glycoproteins, Lipoproteins)
o Enzymes (Structure, Mechanism of action, Enzyme kinetics, Nomenclature and classification, Diagnostic use of enzymes, Enzyme inhibition, Enzyme regulation).
o Metabolism: Introduction to metabolism: catabolic and anabolic pathways. Importance of ATP in the link between catabolism and anabolism.
o The carbohydrate metabolism. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Glycogenolysis, glycogenosynthesis and their regulation. Glycolysis and ATP synthesis "at the substrate level". Metabolic fate of pyruvate: lactate production and oxidative decarboxylation with release of acetyl-CoA. The Krebs cycle. The way of the pentoses (hints). Gluconeogenesis.
o Lipid metabolism. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Plasma lipoproteins (outline). The catabolism of triglycerides and fatty acids (beta oxidation). The biosynthesis of fatty acids. The ketone bodies, hints. Biosynthesis and roles of cholesterol (outline).
o The mitochondrial respiratory chain, ATP production.
o The metabolism of nitrogen compounds. Digestion of proteins and absorption of amino acids. The metabolism of amino acids. Gluconeogenetic and ketogenetic amino acids. The elimination of ammonia. Urea cycle, outline.
Textbook Information
It is advisable to adopt one of the following texts. The first covers the main topics of the three subjects that make up the teaching of Biomedical Sciences. The next two (optional) are useful texts to deepen the topics of Biochemistry:
o Chimica Biochimica e Biologia applicata - M. Stefani e M. Taddei - Zanichelli Editore
o Chimica e Biochimica - M. Bertoldi, D. Colombo, F. Magni, O. Marin, P. Palestini - Edises Università
o Principi di Biochimica di Lehninger - D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox - Zanichelli Editore
| Author | Title | Publisher | Year | ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M. Stefani e M. Taddei | Chimica Biochimica e Biologia applicata | Zanichelli | 2015 | 9788808152275 |
| M. Bertoldi, D. Colombo, F. Magni, O. Marin, P. Palestini | Chimica e Biochimica | Edises Università | 2015 | 9788879598781 |
| D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox | Principi di Biochimica di Lehninger | Zanichelli | 2018 | 9788808920690 |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
The assessment of learning will be assessed through in itinere tests and the final assessment will take place through an oral exam.
For the attribution of the final grade, the following parameters will be taken into account:
Grade 29-30 with honors: the student has an IN-DEPTH knowledge of the subject, has excellent communication skills and masters the technical-scientific language.
Grade 26-28: the student has a GOOD knowledge of the subject and explains the arguments clearly using an appropriate technical-scientific language;
Grade 22-25: the student has a DISCREET knowledge of the subject, even if limited to the main topics and exposes the topics quite clearly with a fair property of language;
Score 18-21: the student has the MINIMUM knowledge of the subject and exposes the arguments in a sufficiently clear way although the property of language is not very developed;
Failed exam: the student DOES NOT HAVE THE MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE required of the main course contents. The ability to use specific language is very little or no and she is unable to independently apply the acquired knowledge.
Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises
In the ongoing tests, students will answer standard questions that will reflect the questions of the final exam.