SCIENZE INFERMIERISTICHE E MODELLI TEORICI DEL NURSING 3

Module General nursing

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

describe the fundamental concepts of nursing, nursing care, health, and illness, distinguishing between the concepts of *illness* and *disease*;

understand the meaning of professional competence, autonomy, and accountability for nurses within the contemporary healthcare context;

analyze the historical evolution of nursing care and the contributions of key theorists and disciplinary models;

recognize the principles of the humanization of care and the concept of "caring," with particular reference to the models of Jean Watson and Madeleine Leininger;

understand the evolution of nursing education and the nursing profession in Italy;

describe the regulatory evolution of the nursing profession and the main legislative frameworks regarding professional liability;

understand the organization of the Health Service, the roles of various professionals, and the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork;

identify the different forms of professional liability—civil, criminal, and disciplinary—applicable to nurses;

understand healthcare documentation tools and the electronic health record;

describe opportunities for professional development and the various roles nurses play within the healthcare system;

understand the importance of lifelong learning and Continuing Medical Education (ECM) for maintaining and developing professional competencies.

eaching activities are conducted in person through lectures supported by multimedia presentations. Instruction is complemented by guided discussions, classroom interaction, analysis of clinical care cases, and educational simulations, aimed at fostering the development of clinical reasoning, decision-making skills, and the application of theoretical nursing models to clinical practice.

Class attendance is mandatory and takes place in person, in accordance with the Degree Programme Regulations. Participation in educational activities, guided discussions, and the proposed exercises is a key factor in achieving the course's learning objectives.

1. Fundamental concepts

Concept of illness: *illness* vs. *disease*

Concept of care and nursing

Concept of the professional and competence

Professional liability

2. Nursing competencies

Technical and scientific competencies

Relational competencies and the helping relationship

3. History of nursing care

Roots and identity of the profession

Florence Nightingale: essential biography, social role, and influence

Care as a relationship

4. Humanization of care

Caring models

Jean Watson

Madeleine Leininger

5. Evolution of nursing education

6. Origins of the International Red Cross Movement (1864)

7. Regulatory evolution of the profession

Key legislative references from 1925 to 2021

Balduzzi Law

Gelli-Bianco Law

Contractual and non-contractual liability

8. Healthcare organization and teamwork

Organization of healthcare entities

Support staff

Multidisciplinary work

9. Professionalization process

Autonomy and accountability

Professional negligence/fault

Criminal, civil, and disciplinary liability

Electronic health record

Health documentation

Dual professional liability framework within the organization

10. Career development and role differentiation

Evolution of the nursing role in the healthcare system

Moving beyond the traditional single-model approach

Introduction of professional growth pathways

New nursing functions

Specialist nurse

advanced clinical competencies

management of complex cases

Coordinating nurse

organizational and resource management

leadership and teamwork

High-qualification assignments

high-responsibility non-executive roles

clinical, organizational, and educational settings

10. Continuing education

Lifelong learning

Continuing Medical Education (ECM)

Student assessment is conducted via a written and/or oral exam. The format for each exam session is determined and published before registration opens. Although the formats may differ, the exams are designed to assess the same learning outcomes and are evaluated using consistent criteria aligned with the course's educational objectives.