Anatomy and human histology 2

Module ANATOMIA UMANA

The course aims to provide students with the basic concepts regarding the macroscopic, microscopic, and topographic anatomy of the main systems and apparatuses of the human body. In particular, the expected learning outcomes of the course are:

·         Knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, the student will be able to describe, illustrate, and recognize the morphological and topographic organization of the human body's apparatuses, understanding the structural bases necessary for clinical practice.

·         Applying knowledge and understanding: the student will be able to apply anatomical knowledge to understand the morphological bases of the main nursing procedures (e.g., finding venous accesses, catheterization) and to orient themselves in the physical examination of the patient.

·         Making judgements: the student must be able to organize the acquired knowledge, critically analyzing and evaluating the topographic relationships between organs to deduce the anatomical-clinical implications.

·         Communication skills: the student must demonstrate the ability to communicate and orally present the anatomical-functional framework of the organism using rigorous anatomical and medical terminology appropriate to the healthcare context.

·         Learning skills: the student will develop the ability to update their knowledge independently, using scientific texts to successfully approach the study of subsequent clinical disciplines (e.g., physiology, pathology, clinical nursing).

Delivery of frontal/traditional teaching (21 hours). Frontal lectures aimed at the presentation of contents by the professor.

If the course is delivered in blended or remote mode, appropriate adjustments may be made to the above, to ensure consistency with the syllabus.

Prerequisites as per the study plan. Basic knowledge of cellular biology and histology is recommended.

Attendance is mandatory as required by the teaching regulations of the Degree Course in Nursing. Absences are allowed for no more than 30% of the total lecture hours (maximum 6 hours of absence allowed out of 21).

INTRODUCTION AND LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (3 hours)

• Anatomical position, planes, terms of position and movement, body regions. Basic organization of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous).
• Integumentary System.
• Locomotor System: generalities on the skeleton, joints, and main muscle groups.

SPLANCHNOLOGY (8 hours)

• Respiratory system: upper and lower airways, lungs, alveoli, pleurae.
• Digestive system: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Peritoneum.
• Urinary system: kidneys, calyces, pelvis, ureters, bladder, male and female urethra (with anatomical references for catheterization).
• Reproductive system: male (testes, spermatic pathways, prostate) and female (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina).

CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (5 hours)

• Heart: external and internal morphology, valves, conduction system, coronary vessels.
• Blood vessels: organization of the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Main arteries (aorta and branches) and veins (caval system). Topographic references for venous and arterial blood sampling.
• Lymphatic system: generalities, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.

INTEGRATION AND CONTROL (5 hours)

• Nervous System: general organization (CNS and PNS). Spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon. Sensory and motor pathways. Meninges. Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic).
• Endocrine System: hypothalamic-pituitary axis, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal glands, endocrine pancreas.

Anatomia Umana, Fondamenti. Barbatelli G. edi-ermes (1)

Anatomia Umana con approfondimenti di anatomia funzionale Donetti E. Piccin (2)

The exam will consist of an oral or written test, formulated as a multiple-choice quiz to be completed in 30 minutes. The assessment method is strictly related to the verification of the expected learning outcomes. For the oral exam, the following will be evaluated: the relevance of the answers, the quality of the contents, and the appropriate use of specific language.

For the attribution of the final grade, the following parameters will be considered:

• Exam not passed: the student does not possess the minimum required knowledge of the main contents.
• Grade 18-21: minimum knowledge, modest ability to integrate the presented situations; underdeveloped property of language.
• Grade 22-25: fair knowledge limited to the main topics; fairly clear exposition.
• Grade 26-28: good knowledge, ability to analyze critically and linearly, clear exposition, and appropriate language.
• Grade 29-30 cum laude: in-depth knowledge, excellent communication skills, and outstanding property of language.

Learning assessment may also be carried out on-line, should the conditions require it.

Information for students with disabilities and/or SLD: To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current laws, interested students may request a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures based on educational objectives and specific needs. (N.B. Contact the referring teacher indicated by your department).

Gas exchanges occur:

In the alveoli

In the alveolar ducts

In the alveoli and alveolar ducts

In the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles

In the alveoli and bronchi

Which of the following organs prevents the passage of the food bolus into the respiratory tract?

The soft palate

The tongue

The pharynx

The epiglottis

None of the above

The acetabular cavity articulates with the head of the femur:

Only with the lunate surface

Only with the acetabular notch

Only with the glenoid labrum

Only with the fat pad

Only with the acetabular fossa

Juxtaglomerular cells:

None of the answers are correct

Are located in the wall of the efferent arteriole

Form the endothelium of glomerular capillaries

Are located at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle

Are located in the wall of the collecting duct