Integrated Course: forensic and occupational Medicine

Module General and applied Hygiene

1. Knowledge and Understanding

Students must demonstrate an in-depth understanding of:

• Quality Systems: Distinguishing between authorization, institutional accreditation, and certification within healthcare facilities.

• Patient Safety: Comprehending the dynamics of Clinical Risk Management, the types of errors (human vs. systemic), and the definition of a Sentinel Event.

• Hierarchy of Evidence: Understanding the foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), the structure of systematic reviews, and the statistical significance of meta-analyses.

• New Paradigms: Understanding the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health within the One Health and Planetary Health models.

2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding

Students will be able to:

• Utilize Indicators: Apply direct health indicators (e.g., mortality rates) and indirect indicators (e.g., socio-economic determinants) to evaluate the quality of healthcare services.

• Scientific Research: Apply the PRISMA protocol to conduct or critically evaluate literature reviews, identifying their strengths and limitations.

• Operational Design: Develop research projects, training plans, or educational interventions aimed at the empowerment of individuals and the community.

• Evaluative Epidemiology: Use epidemiological data to measure the effectiveness of health interventions and the impact of health policies.

3. Making Judgements

Students must develop the capacity to:

• Critically evaluate the quality of healthcare facilities by analyzing programmed versus achieved objectives.

• Identify potential clinical risks within an organizational context and propose mitigation strategies.

• Select the best available scientific evidence to support professional decisions, distinguishing between high and low methodological quality studies.

4. Communication Skills

Students will be able to:

• Communicate research findings or project results using appropriate technical language (e.g., risk reports, scientific abstracts).

• Perform health education activities, translating complex concepts into practical guidance for citizens to self-manage risk factors.

• Collaborate in multidisciplinary settings for the reporting and analysis of adverse events within a "no-blame culture" framework.

5. Learning Skills

Upon completion, students will have acquired:

• The methodology for continuous professional updating through the consultation of international scientific databases and literature.

• The ability to interpret regulatory evolutions regarding accreditation and healthcare safety.

• The tools to participate actively in Continuing Medical Education (CME) and applied research.

The course includes lectures with the help of powerpoint.

Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

Healthcare Organization.

Accreditation and Quality of Healthcare Facilities. Clinical Risk Management, Clinical Risk, Direct and Indirect Health Indicators. Sentinel Event. Objective Planning and Evaluation.

Evaluative Epidemiology.

Evidence-Based Medicine.

Literature Reviews and PRISMA-Type Review Methodologies.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Strengths and Limitations.

Development and Organization of Research Projects, Training Programs, Educational Programs, and Individual and Community Support for Self-Management and Control of Risk Factors and Health Problems.

Principles of One Health and Planetary Health

Suggested books

• Luca degli Esposti. Valutare l’efficacia degli interventi in sanità. Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore.

 .  Triassi, Aggazzotti, Ferrante. Igiene. seconda edizione , Ildeson-gnocchi editore.

• Fabrizio Faggiano Applicazioni di epidemiologia per la Sanità Pubblica
• Teacher slides

An ongoing written exam, administered concurrently with other courses in the integrated module, aims to assess the student's understanding of various aspects of the subject. Assessment criteria include: relevance of answers to the questions asked, quality of content, ability to connect with other topics covered in the program, ability to provide examples, command of technical language, and overall expressive ability.

To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with applicable laws, interested students may request an interview to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on their learning objectives and specific needs. In this case, it is recommended that they contact the CInAP (Center for Active and Participatory Integration - Services for Disabilities and/or DSA) instructor in the Department where the degree program is located.

The assessment may be conducted orally or online, if circumstances require it.

- Give an example of primary prevention

- What is meant by disinfection

- Describe the determinants of health